Our business does not use traditional "succession planning." Instead, we identify future leaders by assigning them responsibility for a job and observing how they handle the pressure. The most effective approach we employ is what I call a "Live Fire Autonomy Test" for our foremen.
The process is straightforward. I deliberately assign a major, complex job to a promising foreman and commit to not visiting the site. They have full, absolute authority to handle client calls, scheduling changes, and all material issues independently. This is our true measurement of leadership readiness—seeing if they can run the business without supervision.
We measure the impact by tracking the profitability and the client satisfaction score on that specific, unsupervised job. If the client is satisfied and the job meets the target profit, we know that foreman is ready for more responsibility. The ultimate goal is to see if they can lead when under pressure.
The key lesson is that true leadership cannot be taught in a classroom. My advice is to stop running abstract training programs. Instead, delegate absolute, solo authority for a small, critical project, and trust your people to either prove they can do the job or demonstrate that they cannot. That test is the only one that truly matters.